Journal Article Link 1.1: King, W. R. (1999). Time, constancy, and change in American municipal police organizations. Police Quarterly, 2(3), 338-364.
Questions that apply to this article:

1. What is organizational age, and what theories of organizational age are applied to police departments in this study?
2. What kind of relationship was found between the organizational age of a department and its tendency to employ civilians?
3. Did the author’s findings support the notion that the era in which a police department was formed affects its organizational structure?

Journal Article Link 1.2: Thale, C. (2007). The informal world of police patrol: New York City in the early twentieth century. Journal of Urban History, 33(2), 183-216.
Questions that apply to this article:

1. According to Thale, how did patrol officers typically interact with ordinary citizens in New York City in the early 1900’s?
2. How did the neighborhood that officers were assigned to influence the patrol officers’ motivations and the way they performed their jobs?

Journal Article Link 2.1: Morabito, M.S. (2010). Understanding Community Policing as an Innovation: Patterns of Adoption. Crime and Delinquency, 56(4), 564-587.
Questions that apply to this article:

1. What are the three sets of factors Morabito identifies as being important when looking at the extent to which police adopt new innovations such as community policing?
2. How does the size of the police agency impact whether the agency will adopt community policing?

Journal Article Link 3.1: Stewart, C. (2011). Collaboration between federal and local level law enforcement: an examination of Texas police chiefs’ perceptions. Police Quarterly, 14(4), 407-430.
Questions that apply to this article:

1. How were data collected in this study?
2. How might the results have been different if this research had been conducted prior to September 11, 2001?
3. Did the results indicate that there was more strain felt in smaller or larger police agencies?

Journal Article Link 4.1: Pynes, J. E. (2001). The triumph of techniques over purpose revisited: Evaluating police officer selection. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 21(3), 219-236.
Questions that apply to this article:

1. How do unqualified, inappropriately trained, and unsupervised police officers pose a risk to local government?
2. Does Pynes believe that police academy training topics are adequate for new recruits?
3. According to Pynes, what skills are the most important for police officers to possess?

Journal Article Link 4.2: Metchik, E. (1999). An analysis of the “screening out” model of police officer selection. Police Quarterly, 2(1), 79-95.
Questions that apply to this article:

1. What are some of the drawbacks and problems with the “screening out” method of police selection?
2. Does Metchik believe that the community policing philosophy is compatible with screening out models? Why or why not?
3. What are advantages and disadvantages to using assessment centers?

Journal Article Link 5.1: Colvin, R. (2009). Shared perceptions among lesbian and gay police officers: barriers and opportunities in the law enforcement work environment. Police Quarterly, 12(1), 86-101.
Questions that apply to this article:

1. What are some of the challenges to law enforcement organizations with the integration of gays and lesbians? How are these challenges different from challenges experienced with other minority groups?
2. What were some of the barriers in the workplace that gay and lesbian officers perceived?
3. What were some of the perceived workplace benefits to being gay or lesbian?

Journal Article Link 5.2: Griffin, S.P. & Bernard, T.J. (2003). Angry aggression among police officers. Police Quarterly, 6(1), 3-21.
Questions that apply to this article:

1. What is angry aggression theory and how can it be applied to policing?
2. What is the difference between extralegal force and unnecessary force?
3. What are the three elements of angry aggression theory that apply to police use of extralegal force?

Journal Article Link 6.1: Magenau, J.M. & Hunt, R.G. (1996). Police unions and the police role. Human Relations, 49(10), 1315-1343.
Questions that apply to this article:

1. According to the article, what are the three roles that police have and how might these vary?
2. Did they find that unionization affected the police roles? If so, in what ways?

Journal Article Link 6.2: Krimmel, J.T. & Lindenmuth, P. (2001). Police chief performance and leadership styles. Police Quarterly, 4(4), 469-483.
Questions that apply to this article:

1. Were most of the police chiefs in this study hired from outside agencies or from within? Was there a difference in the performance and leadership ratings between police chiefs who were hired from inside versus outside the agencies?
2. What were the attributes of police chiefs that received better performance and leadership ratings?
3. What police chief characteristics, if any, are indicators of poor performance?

Journal Article 7.1: Jang, H., Hoover, L.T., & Joo, H. (2010). An evaluation of Compstat’s effect on crime: The Fort Worth experience. Police Quarterly, 13(4), 387-412.
Questions that apply to this article:

1. How and why did CompStat and CompStat-like programs become popular alternative policing management strategies?
2. Did CompStat have an effect on violent crime rates in Fort Worth? Property crime rates?
3. The authors state that if they were asked to describe CompStat in Fort Worth, they would describe it as “focusing.” What do they mean by this?

Journal Article Link 7.2: Weisburd, D. & Eck, J.E. (2004). What can police do to reduce crime, disorder, and fear? The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 593(1), 42-65.
Questions that apply to this article:

1. What is the standard model of police practices and what are some of the criticisms of it?
2. Does the research imply that each of the various strategies in the standard model of police practices reduce, increase, or have no effect on the level of crime?
3. How do more focused policing efforts impact crime, disorder, and fear of crime?

Journal Article Link 8.1:Phillips, S.W. & Sobol, J.J. (2010). Twenty years of mandatory arrest: Police decision making in the face of legal requirements. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 21(1), 98-118.
Questions that apply to this article:

1. How did officers typically handle domestic violence incidents prior to the late 1970’s and early 1980’s? What prompted mandatory arrest policies for domestic violence incidents?
2. Which situational variables influence arrest decisions?
3. Did the findings of this study coincide with or differ from prior research?

Journal Article Link 9.1: Rothwell, G.R., & Baldwin, J.N. (2007). Whistle-blowing and the code of silence in police agencies: Policy and structural predictors. Crime and Delinquency, 53(4), 605-632.
Questions that apply to this article:

1. What do the authors mean by the term “whistle-blowing” in policing?
2. According to their results, are mandatory reporting policies effective administrative tools to dissuade misconduct among police officers?
3. Do the seriousness of offenses impact the police officers’ code of silence?

Journal Article Link 10.1: Shafer, J.A. & Bonello, E.M. (2001). The citizen police academy: Measuring outcomes. Police Quarterly, 4(4), 434-448.
Questions that apply to this article:

1. What are the intended goals of citizen’s police academies?
2. What are some of the common features of citizen’s police academies?
3. Do the results suggest that the quality of the citizen’s police academy was responsible for the positive evaluations, or might the results have stemmed from those selected to participate?

Journal Article Link 10.2: Gabbidon, S.L., Higgins, G.E., & Potter, H. (2011). Race, gender, and the perception of recently experiencing unfair treatment by the police: Exploratory results from an all-Black sample. Criminal Justice Review, 36(1), 5-21.
Questions that apply to this article:

1. In what ways to race and gender affect the way citizens feel police treat them?
2. What factors are the most influential for determining how fairly Black citizens feel they are treated by the police?

Journal Article Link 11.1: Mastrofski, S. D. (2004). Controlling street-level police discretion. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 593(1), 100-118.
Questions that apply to this article:

1. How and when do police officers exercise discretion?
2. In what ways is police officer discretion influenced by community policing policies?

Journal Article Link 11.2: Wortley, R.K. (2003). Measuring police attitudes toward discretion. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 30(5), 539-558.
Questions that apply to this article:

1. Is police officer attitude a factor that influences the officer’s use of discretion?
2. Is the behavior different among those who employ legalistic, service, and watchman style approaches to policing? If so, in what ways do behaviors differ?

Journal Article Link 12.1: Withrow, B.L. & Dailey, J.D. (2004) A model of circumstantial corruptibility. Police Quarterly, 7(2), 159-178.
Questions that apply to this article:

1. What are some of the meanings of “corruption?”
2. What are some of the various explanations for why police officers become corrupt?
3. What role does the “giver” play in police corruption and at what point does the exchange between the giver and receiver constitute corruption?

Journal Article Link 13.1: Lee, J.V. (2010). Policing after 9/11: Community policing in an age of homeland security. Police Quarterly, 13(4), 347-366.
Questions that apply to this article:

1. How are community policing and homeland security policing similar and different?
2. According to the article, can community policing and homeland security policing operate at the same time? Why or why not?
3. How do budgetary allowances impact which policing philosophy they adopt?

Journal Article Link 13.2: Chappell, A.T., & Gibson, S.A. (2009). Community policing and homeland security policing: Friend or foe? Criminal Justice Policy Review, 20(3), 326-343.
Questions that apply to this article:

1. Do the authors believe that the beginning of homeland security policing signals the demise of community policing?
2. How do police departments that used community policing prior to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks feel about giving up community policing?
3. Can community policing be compatible with homeland security policing? Why or why not?